Department of Trade & Industry

The mission of the Department of Trade and Industry (the dti) is to promote structural transformation, towards a dynamic industrial and globally competitive economy; provide a predictable, competitive, equitable and socially responsible environment, conducive to investment, trade and enterprise development; broaden participation in the economy to strengthen economic development; and continually improve the skills and capabilities of the dti to effectively deliver on its mandate and respond to the needs of South Africa’s economic citizens.

The Department’s strategic objectives are to: facilitate transformation of the economy to promote industrial development, investment, competitiveness and employment creation; build mutually beneficial regional and global relations to advance South Africa’s trade, industrial policy and economic development objectives; facilitate broad-based economic participation through targeted interventions to achieve more inclusive growth; create a fair regulatory environment that enables investment, trade and enterprise development in an equitable and socially responsible manner; and promote a professional, ethical, dynamic, competitive and customer-focused working environment that ensures effective and efficient service delivery.

Department of Trade and Industry Documentation

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Act 30 of 1983 Abolition of the Fuel Research Institute Act

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2007.03.16 Act 30 of 1983 Abolition of the Fuel Research Institute Act.pdf	155.44 Kb

Act 68 of 1981 Alienation of Land Act

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1981.08.28 Act 68 of 1981 Alienation of Land Act.pdf	131.22 Kb
1998.11.27 Act 103 of 1998 Alienation of Land Amendment Act.pdf	63.17 Kb

Act 53 of 2003 Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act

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2004.01.09 Act 53 of 2003 Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act.pdf	338.16 Kb
2014.01.27 Act 53 of 2003 Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Amendment Act.pdf	648.6 Kb
2016 Act 53 of 2003 Consolidated B-BBEE.pdf	867.43 Kb
2016.11.07 Code of Good Practice B-BBEE.pdf	666.5 Kb

Act 69 of 1984 Close Corporations Act

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2004 Act 69 of 1984 Close Corporations Act.pdf	203.53 Kb

Act 71 of 2008 Companies Act

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2008 Companies Act Notebook.pdf	283.63 Kb
2009.04.09 Act 71 of 2008 Companies Act.pdf	871.88 Kb

Act 68 of 2008 Consumer Protection Act

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1998.11.30 Act 89 of 1998 Competition Act.pdf	842.23 Kb
2009.04.29 Act 68 of 2008 Consumer Protection Act.PDF	355.87 Kb
2016 Consumer Protection Act Brochure.pdf	974.18 Kb
2017.07.14 Competition Act Draft Guidelines on the Exchange of Information.pdf	705.47 Kb

Act 4 of 1986 Convention on Agency in the International Sale of Goods Act

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1986.03.04 Act 4 of 1986 Convention on Agency in the International Sale of Goods Act.pdf	45.59 Kb

Act 14 of 2005 Co-Operatives Act

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2005 Act 14 of 2005 Co-Operatives Act.pdf	358.24 Kb

Act 98 of 1978 Copyright Act

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2002 Act 98 of 1978 Copyright Act.pdf	220.59 Kb

Act 37 of 1997 Counterfeit Goods Act

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1997.10.01 Act 37 of 1997 Counterfeit Goods Act.pdf	264.85 Kb

Act 195 of 1993 Designs Act

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1997 Act 195 of 1993 Designs Act.pdf	139.24 Kb

Act 34 of 2002 Export Credit and Foreign Investments Insurance Act

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2002.10.04 Act 34 of 2002 Export Credit and Foreign Investments Insurance Act.pdf	182.03 Kb

Act 107 of 1996 Intellectual Property Act

Filename / Link	Size
1996.11.12 Act 107 of 1996 Intellectual Property Law Act.pdf	88.77 Kb
1997 Act 107 of 1996 Intellectual Property Law Amendment Act.pdf	842.14 Kb
2013 Intellectual Property Act.pdf	821.86 Kb
2013.12.10 Act 107 of 1996 Intellectual Property Law Amendment Act.pdf	322.25 Kb

Act 9 of 2014 Legal Metrology Act

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2014.05.19 Act 9 of 2014 Legal Metrology Act.pdf	504.32 Kb

Act 187 of 1993 Manufacturing Development Act

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2000.12.01 Act 187 of 1993 Manufacturing Development Act.pdf	174.15 Kb

Act 18 of 2006 Measurement Units and Measurement Standards Act

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2007.03.28 Act 18 of 2006 Measurement Units and Measurement Standards Act.pdf	654.46 Kb

Act 17 of 1941 Merchandise Marks Act

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2002 Act 17 of 1941 Merchandise Marks Act.pdf	106.24 Kb

Act 103 of 1977 National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act

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1997.06.22 Act 103 of 1977 National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act.pdf	598.59 Kb

Act 34 of 2005 National Credit Act

Filename / Link	Size
2006 National Credit Act Brochure.pdf	694.84 Kb
2006.03.15 Act 34 of 2005 National Credit Act.pdf	838.75 Kb

Act 105 of 1998 National Empowerment Fund Act

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1998.12.11 Act 105 of 1998 National Empowerment Fund Act.pdf	745.88 Kb

Act 57 of 1978 Patents Act

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2002 Act 57 of 1978 Patents Act.pdf	235.15 Kb

Act 99 of 1978 Protection of Businesses Act

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1978.06.20 Act 99 of 1978 Protection of Businesses Act.pdf	26.8 Kb

Act 22 of 2015 Protection of Investment Act

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2015.12.15 Act 22 of 2015 Protection of Investment Act.pdf	72.47 Kb

Act 45 of 1996 Rationalisation of Corporate Laws Act

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1996.10.04 Act 45 of 1996 Rationalisation of Corporate Laws Act.pdf	600.32 Kb

Act 8 of 2008 Standards Act

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2008.07.18 Act 8 of 2008 Standards Act.pdf	396.07 Kb

Act 194 of 1993 Trade Marks Act

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1993.12.22 Act 194 of 1993 Trade Marks Act.pdf	95.84 Kb

Act 77 of 1973 Trade Metrology Act

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1977.11.18 Act 77 of 1973 Trade Metrology Act.pdf	137.04 Kb

Act 37 of 1961 Unauthorised Use of Emblems Act

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1961.05.17 Act 37 of 1961 Unauthorised Use of Emblems Act.pdf	58.15 Kb

Diesel 50ppm Data Sheet

Diesel 50ppm (parts-per million)

PPM means out of a million. Usually describes the concentration of something in water or soil. One ppm is equivalent to 1 milligram of something per liter of water (mg/l) or 1 milligram of something per kilogram soil (mg/kg). Diesel fuel in general is any liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel. (Glow plugs, grid heaters and block heaters help achieve high temperatures for combustion during engine startup in cold weather.) Diesel engines have found broad use as a result of higher thermodynamic efficiency and thus fuel efficiency. This is particularly noted where diesel engines are run at part-load; as their air supply is not throttled as in a petrol engine, their efficiency still remains very high. Petroleum-derived diesel is composed of about 75% saturated hydrocarbons (primarily paraffins including n, iso, and cycloparaffins), and 25% aromatic hydrocarbons (including naphthalenes and alkylbenzenes). The average chemical formula for common diesel fuel is C₁₂H₂₄, ranging approximately from C₁₀H₂₀ to C₁₅H₂₈. Most diesel fuels freeze at common winter temperatures, while the temperatures greatly vary. Petrodiesel typically freezes around temperatures of −8.1 °C (17.5 °F), whereas biodiesel freezes between temperatures of 2° to 15 °C (35° to 60 °F). The viscosity of diesel noticeably increases as the temperature decreases, changing it into a gel at temperatures of −19 °C (−2.2 °F) to −15 °C (5 °F), that cannot flow in fuel systems. Conventional diesel fuels vaporise at temperatures between 149 °C and 371 °C. Conventional diesel flash points vary between 52 and 96 °C, which makes it safer than petrol and unsuitable for spark-ignition engines. Unlike petrol, the flash point of a diesel fuel has no relation to its performance in an engine nor to its auto ignition qualities. Information extracted from Wikipedia

ULP 93 Data Sheet

ULP93 (unleaded petroleum)

An octane rating, or octane number, is a standard measure of the performance of an engine or aviation fuel. The higher the octane number, the more compression the fuel can withstand before detonating (igniting). In broad terms, fuels with a higher octane rating are used in high-performance gasoline engines that require higher compression ratios. In contrast, fuels with lower octane numbers (but higher cetane numbers) are ideal for diesel engines, because diesel engines (also referred to as compression-ignition engines) do not compress the fuel, but rather compress only air and then inject fuel into the air which was heated by compression. Gasoline engines rely on ignition of air and fuel compressed together as a mixture, which is ignited at the end of the compression stroke using spark plugs. Therefore, high compressibility of the fuel matters mainly for gasoline engines. Use of gasoline with lower octane numbers may lead to the problem of engine knocking. Octanes are a family of hydrocarbons that are typical components of gasoline. They are colorless liquids that boil around 125 °C (260 °F). One member of the octane family, isooctane, is used as a reference standard to benchmark the tendency of gasoline or LPG fuels to resist self-ignition. The octane rating of gasoline is measured in a test engine and is defined by comparison with the mixture of 2,2,4 trimethylpentane (iso-octane) and heptane that would have the same anti-knocking capacity as the fuel under test: the percentage, by volume, of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane in that mixture is the octane number of the fuel. For example, gasoline with the same knocking characteristics as a mixture of 90% iso-octane and 10% heptane would have an octane rating of 90. A rating of 90 does not mean that the gasoline contains just iso-octane and heptane in these proportions but that it has the same detonation resistance properties (generally, gasoline sold for common use never consists solely of iso-octane and heptane; it is a mixture of many hydrocarbons and often other additives). Because some fuels are more knock-resistant than pure iso octane, the definition has been extended to allow for octane numbers greater than 100. Octane ratings are not indicators of the energy content of fuels. (See Effects below and Heat of combustion). They are only a measure of the fuel's tendency to burn in a controlled manner, rather than exploding in an uncontrolled manner. Where the octane number is raised by blending in ethanol, energy content per volume is reduced. Ethanol BTUs can be compared with gasoline BTUs in heat of combustion tables. It is possible for a fuel to have a Research Octane Number (RON) more than 100, because iso-octane is not the most knock resistant substance available. Racing fuels, avgas, LPG and alcohol fuels such as methanol may have octane ratings of 110 or significantly higher. Typical "octane booster" gasoline additives include MTBE, ETBE, isooctane and toluene. Lead in the form of tetraethyllead was once a common additive, but its use for fuels for road vehicles has been progressively phased-out worldwide, beginning in the 1970s.

Research Octane Number (RON)

The most common type of octane rating worldwide is the Research Octane Number (RON). RON is determined by running the fuel in a test engine with a variable compression ratio under controlled conditions, and comparing the results with those for mixtures of iso-octane and n-heptane. The Compression ratio is varied during the test in order to challenge the fuel's antiknocking tendency as an increase in the compression ratio will increase the chances of knocking.

Motor Octane Number (MON)

Another type of octane rating, called Motor Octane Number (MON), is determined at 900 rpm engine speed instead of the 600 rpm for RON. MON testing uses a similar test engine to that used in RON testing, but with a preheated fuel mixture, higher engine speed, and variable ignition timing to further stress the fuel's knock resistance. Depending on the composition of the fuel, the MON of a modern pump gasoline will be about 8 to 12 octane lower than the RON, but there is no direct link between RON and MON. Pump gasoline specifications typically require both a minimum RON and a minimum MON.

Anti-Knock Index (AKI) or (R+M)/2

In most countries in Europe (also in Australia, Pakistan and New Zealand) the "headline" octane rating shown on the pump is the RON, but in Canada, the United States, Brazil, and some other countries, the headline number is the simple mean or average of the RON and the MON, called the Anti-Knock Index (AKI), and often written on pumps as (R+M)/2. It may also sometimes be called the Posted Octane Number (PON).

Difference between RON, MON, and AKI

Because of the 8 to 12 octane number difference between RON and MON noted above, the AKI shown in Canada and the United States is 4 to 6 octane numbers lower than elsewhere in the world for the same fuel. This difference between RON and MON is known as the fuel's Sensitivity, and is not typically published for those countries that use the Anti-Knock Index labelling system.

Observed Road Octane Number (RdON)

Another type of octane rating, called Observed Road Octane Number (RdON), is derived from testing gasolines in real world multi-cylinder engines, normally at wide open throttle. It was developed in the 1920s and is still reliable today. The original testing was done in cars on the road but as technology developed the testing was moved to chassis dynamometers with environmental controls to improve consistency.

Octane Index

The evaluation of the octane number by the two laboratory methods requires a standard engine, and the test procedure can be both expensive and time-consuming. The standard engine required for the test may not always be available, especially in out of-the-way places or in small or mobile laboratories. These and other considerations led to the search for a rapid method for the evaluation of the anti-knock quality of gasoline. Such methods include FTIR, near infrared on-line analyzers and others. Deriving an equation that can be used for calculating the octane quality would also serve the same purpose with added advantages. The term Octane Index is often used to refer to the calculated octane quality in contradistinction to the (measured) research or motor octane numbers. The octane index can be of great service in the blending of gasoline. Motor gasoline, as marketed, is usually a blend of several types of refinery grades that are derived from different processes such as straight-run gasoline, reformate, cracked gasoline etc. These different grades are considered as one group when blending to meet final product specifications. Most refiners produce and market more than one grade of motor gasoline, differing principally in their anti-knock quality. The ability to predict the octane quality of the blends prior to blending is essential, something for which the calculated octane index is specially suited.

Aviation gasoline octane ratings

Aviation gasolines used in piston aircraft engines common in general aviation have a slightly different method of measuring the octane of the fuel. Similar to an AKI, it has two different ratings, although it is referred to only by the lower of the two. One is referred to as the "aviation lean" rating and is the same as the MON of the fuel up to 100. The second is the "aviation rich" rating and corresponds to the octane rating of a test engine under forced induction operation common in high-performance and military piston aircraft. This utilizes a supercharger, and uses a significantly richer fuel/air ratio for improved detonation resistance. The most commonly used current fuel, 100LL, has an aviation lean rating of 100 octane, and an aviation rich rating of 130. Information extracted from Wikipedia

Department of Trade and Industry Documentation

closed

Act 30 of 1983 Abolition of the Fuel Research Institute Act

Act 68 of 1981 Alienation of Land Act

Act 53 of 2003 Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Act

Act 69 of 1984 Close Corporations Act

Act 71 of 2008 Companies Act

Act 68 of 2008 Consumer Protection Act

Act 4 of 1986 Convention on Agency in the International Sale of Goods Act

Act 14 of 2005 Co-Operatives Act

Act 98 of 1978 Copyright Act

Act 37 of 1997 Counterfeit Goods Act

Act 195 of 1993 Designs Act

Act 34 of 2002 Export Credit and Foreign Investments Insurance Act

Act 107 of 1996 Intellectual Property Act

Act 9 of 2014 Legal Metrology Act

Act 187 of 1993 Manufacturing Development Act

Act 18 of 2006 Measurement Units and Measurement Standards Act

Act 17 of 1941 Merchandise Marks Act

Act 103 of 1977 National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act

Act 34 of 2005 National Credit Act

Act 105 of 1998 National Empowerment Fund Act

Act 57 of 1978 Patents Act

Act 99 of 1978 Protection of Businesses Act

Act 22 of 2015 Protection of Investment Act

Act 45 of 1996 Rationalisation of Corporate Laws Act

Act 8 of 2008 Standards Act

Act 194 of 1993 Trade Marks Act

Act 77 of 1973 Trade Metrology Act

Act 37 of 1961 Unauthorised Use of Emblems Act

Diesel 50ppm (parts-per million)

ULP93 (unleaded petroleum)

Research Octane Number (RON)

Motor Octane Number (MON)

Anti-Knock Index (AKI) or (R+M)/2

Difference between RON, MON, and AKI

Observed Road Octane Number (RdON)

Octane Index

Aviation gasoline octane ratings

ULP95 (unleaded petroleum)

Research Octane Number (RON)

Motor Octane Number (MON)

Anti-Knock Index (AKI) or (R+M)/2

Difference between RON, MON, and AKI

Observed Road Octane Number (RdON)

Octane Index

Aviation gasoline octane ratings